2

Tbsp. unsalted butter, plus more for pan

7

large eggs

1¾

cups whole milk

1

tsp. Diamond Crystal or ½ tsp. Morton kosher salt, plus more

Freshly ground black pepper

2

tsp. vegetable oil

½

tsp. cumin seeds

2

large leeks, white and pale green parts only, thinly sliced

1

medium red bell pepper, cut into ½” pieces

4

garlic cloves, finely grated

1

1″ piece ginger, peeled, finely grated

1

tsp. garam masala

1

tsp. ground coriander

1

tsp. ground cumin

½

tsp. ground turmeric

½

tsp. mild chile powder (such as Kashmiri)

½

medium bunch cilantro, leaves and tender stems coarsely chopped, plus more for serving

¼

medium red onion, chopped

9

oz. sourdough bread, preferably day-old, cut or torn into 1″ pieces (about 5 cups)

2

cups coarsely grated sharp cheddar (about 5 oz.), divided

Cilantro Chutney (optional; for serving)